It can pass another budget for the fiscal year 2021 that includes new reconciliation instructions. That means that Congress must do one of two things before the Senate can take up a second reconciliation bill. The current Democratic effort to use reconciliation is notable because Congress already passed an omnibus reconciliation bill, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 ( Public Law 117-2), according to the reconciliation instructions included in the fiscal year 2021 budget resolution ( S. Congress usually considers one reconciliation bill per budget resolution. The House and Senate may consider all three reconciliation bills separately or together as one omnibus bill. The law permits Congress to consider one reconciliation bill for each of the budget resolution’s aggregate categories (i.e., spending, revenue, deficit). Its purpose is to make it easier for the Senate to make changes to the current law to align – or "reconcile" – the aggregate revenue, spending, and deficit/debt levels under permanent law with the levels specified for each category in the annual budget resolution.Ĭongress must first pass a budget resolution that includes reconciliation instructions before the House and Senate can consider a reconciliation bill under the Budget Act’s expedited procedures. Congress created reconciliation in the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 ( Public Law 93-344). Reconciliation is a fast-track process that protects budget-related legislation from filibusters. According to reports, Democrats in Congress are looking once again to the budget reconciliation process to circumvent anticipated opposition to their legislative agenda from Senate Republicans.
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